Laboratory Techniques

       I.            Objectives: The objective is to learn to take mass, volume, and temperature and also to learn separation techniques.

    II.            Materials & Procedures:

A.    Materials:

-Balance          -Graduated Cylinder   -Salt (appr. 1 g.)          -Thermometer Clamp

-Beakers          -Hot Plate        -Sand (appr. 1 g.)        -Watch Glass   -Filter Paper

-Iron Ring       -Stirring Rod   -Water     -Funnel        -Ring Stand     -Thermometer

B.     Procedures:

1.Obtain a sample of salt. Take a small beaker and place it on the balance pan. Hit the tare button. Add the salt to the beaker. Record the mass to the nearest hundredth of a gram in Table 1.

2.Obtain a sample of sand. Using the beaker with salt, place it on the balance pan and hit the tare button. Add the sand to the beaker. Record the mass to the nearest hundredth of a gram in Table 1.

3.Fill your 100 ml graduated cylinder approximately ½ full of water. Record the volume to the nearest tenth of a ml in Table 1.

4.Add the water to the beaker with the sand and salt. Stir the contents until the salt has completely dissolved.

5.Measure the mass of a piece of filter paper to the nearest hundredth of a gram. Record in Table 1.

6.Measure the mass of a beaker to the nearest hundredth of a gram. Record in Table 1.

7.Set up a filtration apparatus using the pre-massed filter paper and beaker. Pour the mixture into the funnel collecting the filtrate in the pre-massed beaker and the sediment in the pre-massed filter paper.

8.Rinse the sediment twice with a small amount of distilled water.

9.Set up hot plate, ring stand, thermometer and thermometer clamp. Measure the initial temperature of the filtrate. Record the temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree in Table 2.

10.                    Begin heating the filtrate and record the temperature every 10 minutes. Record each temperature in Table 2.

11.                    Remove the thermometer and place the watch glass on the beaker. Continue to heat until the liquid is driven off and only the solid remains.

12.                    Let the beaker cool. Record the mass to the nearest hundredth of a gram. Record in Table 1.

13.                    Remove the filter paper and sediment from the funnel. Place the filter paper on several layers of paper towels. Place aside and let dry over night. The next day record the mass to the nearest hundredth of a gram in Table 1.

C.     Safety:

 III.            Analysis

A.    Data:

Table 1: Measurement

Object	Measurement
Mass of Salt (initial)
Mass of Sand (initial)
Volume of Water
Mass of Filter Paper
Mass of Filter Paper & Sand
Mass of Sand (final)
Mass Ev. Dish & Water Glass
Mass Dish, Glass, Salt
Mass of Salt (final)

 

Table 2: Temperature

Time (minutes)	Temperature (degrees C)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

 

B.     Calculations

% Error Salt                True Value: 1.57

%RSD Salt

%Error Sand               True Value: 1.19

%RSD Sand

C.     Graphs: Salt Water Temperature Over Time X-axis= time Y-axis=Temperature

 IV.            Conclusion